Overview
The “Out of step protection” function detects an out-of-step condition (asynchronous operation) between machines connected and the power system and between power systems. It protects generators from unacceptable electromechanical stresses, prevents damage and unacceptable aging of equipment, and ensures the stability of the entire power system by disconnection. It is suitable for integration into more complex automatic operations for power system monitoring and disconnection. It serves as a basic function for the protection of larger power plant units, and is used in the protection of power systems for selective disconnection in case of power swings.
For more detailed information on “Out of step protection” function, refer to SIPROTEC 5 devices, V8.30 & higher manuals.
To see other supported functions click here.
Structure of the Function
Setting Parameters
Setting parameters for Out of step protection
| Addr. | Parameter | C | Setting Options | Default Setting |
| General | ||||
| _:2311:101 | General:I1<threshold blocks zone | 10 % to 400 % | 20 % | |
| _:2311:100 | General:I2>threshold blocks zone | 5 % to 500 % | 20 % | |
| Zone 1 | ||||
| _:3691:1 | Zone 1:Mode | off on test |
off | |
| _:3691:2 | Zone 1:Operate & flt.rec. blocked | no yes |
no | |
| _:3691:103 | Zone 1:Zone limit R | 1 A | 0.100 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 10.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.020 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 2.000Ω | ||
| _:3691:104 | Zone 1:Zone limit X top | 1 A | 0.100 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 10.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.020 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 2.000 Ω | ||
| _:3691:105 | Zone 1:Zone limit X bottom | 1 A | -600.000 Ω to 600.000 Ω | -10 000 Ω |
| 5 A | -120.000 Ω to 120.000 Ω | -2000 Ω | ||
| _:3691:102 | Zone 1:Rotation angle | 60.0 ° to 90.0 ° | 90.0 ° | |
| _:3691:108 | Zone 1:Count at | exit axis entry exit left exit right axis from left axis from right entry left entry right |
exit | |
| _:3691:107 | Zone 1:Number of power swings | 1 to 20 | 1 | |
| _:3691:101 | Zone 1:Re-entry time | 0.00 s to 60.00 s | 20.00 s | |
| _:3691:100 | Zone 1:Signal time | 0.00 s to 60.00 s | 0.05 s | |
Logic Diagrams & highlights
The 2-Machines Model to Explain a Power Swing
Impedance Trajectories for Different Voltage Conditions
Impedance Measurement and Monitoring of the Positive and Negative Sequenced of the Currents
Logic Diagram of a Zone
Zone Setting
Incrementing the Power Swing Counter for Different Impedance Phasor Trajectories
Power-System Configuration
Source Impedances of Infeeds and Feeders
Calculation of Source Impedances with Open Line A2 (Zone 2 Active)
Calculation of Source Impedances with Closed Line A2 (Zone 1 Active)
Swing Impedance Locations and Outer Ends of the Electrical Center for Relay A (Line A2 is Open)
Calculation of the R Setting with Minimum Source Impedances (Line A2 Active, Zone 1)
Direction of the Swing Impedance Locus with Energy Transfer from Power System C to Power System A
Direction of the Swing Impedance Locus with Energy Transfer from Power System A to Power System C
