Overview
The “Load encroachment” element responds to the positive-sequence voltage and current. It operates if the positive-sequence voltage is above a settable level and asserts its output signal that can be used to block selected protection elements, such as distance or phase overcurrent.
For more detailed information on “Load encroachment” element, refer to GE, Universal Relay (UR) family of products, Version 8.0x manuals.
To view other supported elements, click here.
Setting Parameters
Modbus memory map for Setting parameters
| Products | Hex address | Register name | Range | Units | Step | Format | Default |
| D30, D60, F60, L60, L90, T60 | 416F | Load Encroachment Function | 0 to 1 | — | 1 | F102 | 0 (Disabled) |
| " | 4170 | Load Encroachment Source | 0 to 5 | — | 1 | F167 | 0 (SRC 1) |
| " | 4171 | Load Encroachment Minimum Voltage | 0.004 to 3 | pu | 0.001 | F001 | 250 |
| " | 4172 | Load Encroachment Reach | 0.02 to 250 | ohms | 0.01 | F001 | 100 |
| " | 4173 | Load Encroachment Angle | 5 to 50 | degrees | 1 | F001 | 30 |
| " | 4174 | Load Encroachment Pickup Delay | 0 to 65.535 | s | 0.001 | F001 | 0 |
| " | 4175 | Load Encroachment Reset Delay | 0 to 65.535 | s | 0.001 | F001 | 0 |
| " | 4176 | Load Encroachment Block | 0 to 4294967295 | — | 1 | F300 | 0 |
| " | 4178 | Load Encroachment Target | 0 to 2 | — | 1 | F109 | 0 (Self-reset) |
| " | 4179 | Load Encroachment Events | 0 to 1 | — | 1 | F102 | 0 (Disabled) |
| " | 417A | Reserved (6 items) | 0 to 65535 | — | 1 | F001 | 0 |
| F102 | 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled | ||||||
| F109 | 0 = Self-reset, 1 = Latched, 2 = Disabled | ||||||
| F167 | 0 = SRC 1, 1 = SRC 2, 2 = SRC 3, 3 = SRC 4, 4 = SRC 5, 5 = SRC 6 | ||||||
| F300 | 0 : Off (This is boolean FALSE value), 1 : On (This is boolean TRUE value) | ||||||
Logics & highlights
Load encroachment characteristic
Load encroachment applied to distance element
Load encroachment logic
Definition of Setting Parameters
LOAD ENCROACHMENT MIN VOLT — This setting specifies the minimum positive-sequence voltage required for operation of the element. When the voltage is below this threshold, a blocking signal is not asserted by the element. When selecting this setting, remember that the D60 measures the phase-to-ground sequence voltages regardless of the VT connection.
LOAD ENCROACHMENT REACH — This setting specifies the resistive reach of the element as shown in the Load Encroachment Characteristic diagram. Enter this setting in secondary ohms and calculate it as the positive-sequence resistance seen by the relay under maximum load conditions and unity power factor.
LOAD ENCROACHMENT ANGLE — This setting specifies the size of the blocking region as shown on the Load Encroachment Characteristic diagram and applies to the positive-sequence impedance.