Overview
The “Distance protection with reactance method (RMD)” function is a selective short-circuit protection for lines and cables supplied from one or more ends in radial, looped, or meshed systems. It is used as a backup protection for busbars, transformers, and other lines, works only in systems with a grounded neutral point and is suitable for use at all voltage levels.
For more detailed information on “Distance protection with reactance method” function, refer to SIPROTEC 5 devices, V8.30 & higher manuals.
To see other supported functions, click here.
Structure/Embedding of the Function
Setting Parameters
General setting parameters
| Addr. | Parameter | C | Setting Options | Default Setting |
| General | ||||
| _:2311:110 | General:Zone timer start | on zone pickup on dist. pickup |
on dist. pickup | |
| _:2311:102 | General:V0> threshold value | 0.300 V to 200.000 V | 1.667 V | |
| _:2311:105 | General:Parallel-line compensat. | no yes |
no | |
| _:2311:101 | General:Min. phase- current thresh | 1 A @ 100 Irated | 0.030 A to 4.000 A | 0.100 A |
| 5 A @ 100 Irated | 0.150 A to 20.000 A | 0.500 A | ||
| 1 A @ 50 Irated | 0.030 A to 4.000 A | 0.100 A | ||
| 5 A @ 50 Irated | 0.150 A to 20.000 A | 0.500 A | ||
| 1 A @ 1.6 Irated | 0.001 A to 1.600 A | 0.100 A | ||
| 5 A @ 1.6 Irated | 0.005 A to 8.000 A | 0.500 A | ||
| _:2311:130 | General:RF (ph-g) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:2311:131 | General:RF (ph-ph) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 1.250 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.250 Ω | ||
| _:2311:132 | General:Substitute for IF | 3I2 3I0 |
3I0 | |
| _:2311:134 | General:Comp. angle zero seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:2311:135 | General:Comp. angle neg. seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:2311:136 | General:Delta Dist. charact. angle | 0.00 ° to 80.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:2311:106 | General:Use load cutout | no both directions forward only reverse only |
no | |
| _:2311:107 | General:R load cutout | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:2311:108 | General:Angle load cutout | 20.0 ° to 60.0 ° | 45.0 ° | |
| _:2311:112 | General:Mem. polariza- tion(ph-ph) | 0.0 % to 100.0 % | 15.0 % | |
| _:2311:114 | General:Cross polariza- tion(ph-ph) | 0.0 % to 100.0 % | 15.0 % | |
Setting parameters for Zone with Quadrilateral Characteristic Curve
| Addr. | Parameter | C | Setting Options | Default Setting |
| Z 1 | ||||
| _:14191:1 | Z 1:Mode | off on test |
off | |
| _:14191:2 | Z 1:Operate & flt.rec. blocked | no yes |
no | |
| _:14191:121 | Z 1:Blocked if diff.prot.active | no yes |
no | |
| _:14191:11 | Z 1:1-pole operate allowed | no yes |
yes | |
| _:14191:101 | Z 1:Function mode | ph-gnd and ph-ph ph-gnd only ph-ph only |
ph-gnd and ph- ph | |
| _:14191:109 | Z 1:Directional mode | non-directional forward reverse |
forward | |
| _:14191:102 | Z 1:X reach | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:14191:110 | Z 1:Operate delay (1- phase) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.00 s | |
| _:14191:112 | Z 1:Operate delay (multi- ph.) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.00 s | |
| _:14191:129 | Z 1:Zone settings | Basic Advanced |
Basic | |
| _:14191:130 | Z 1:RF (ph-g) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:14191:131 | Z 1:RF (ph-ph) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 1.250 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.250 Ω | ||
| _:14191:132 | Z 1:Substitute for IF | 3I2 3I0 |
3I0 | |
| _:14191:134 | Z 1:Comp. angle zero seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14191:135 | Z 1:Comp. angle neg. seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14191:108 | Z 1:Line angle | 10.00 ° to 89.00 ° | 85.00 ° | |
| _:14191:136 | Z 1:Delta Dist. charact. angle | 0.00 ° to 80.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14191:104 | Z 1:Kr | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14191:105 | Z 1:Kx | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14191:118 | Z 1:K0 | 0.000 to 11.000 | 1.000 | |
| _:14191:150 | Z 1:Angle (K0) | -180.00 ° to 180.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
Setting parameters for Zone with MHO Characteristic Curve
| Addr. | Parameter | C | Setting Options | Default Setting |
| Z (MHO) # | ||||
| _:1 | Z (MHO) #:Mode | off on test |
off | |
| _:2 | Z (MHO) #:Operate & flt.rec. blocked | no yes |
no | |
| _:121 | Z (MHO) #:Blocked if diff.prot.active | no yes |
no | |
| _:101 | Z (MHO) #:Function mode | ph-ph only | ph-ph only | |
| _:109 | Z (MHO) #:Directional mode | forward reverse |
forward | |
| _:102 | Z (MHO) #:Zr impedance reach | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:112 | Z (MHO) #:Operate delay (multi-ph.) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.30 s | |
All setting parameters
| Addr. | Parameter | C | Setting Options | Default Setting |
| General | ||||
| _:2311:110 | General:Zone timer start | on zone pickup on dist. pickup |
on dist. pickup | |
| _:2311:102 | General:V0> threshold value | 0.300 V to 200.000 V | 1.667 V | |
| _:2311:105 | General:Parallel-line compensat. | no yes |
no | |
| _:2311:101 | General:Min. phase- current thresh | 1 A @ 100 Irated | 0.030 A to 4.000 A | 0.100 A |
| 5 A @ 100 Irated | 0.150 A to 20.000 A | 0.500 A | ||
| 1 A @ 50 Irated | 0.030 A to 4.000 A | 0.100 A | ||
| 5 A @ 50 Irated | 0.150 A to 20.000 A | 0.500 A | ||
| 1 A @ 1.6 Irated | 0.001 A to 1.600 A | 0.100 A | ||
| 5 A @ 1.6 Irated | 0.005 A to 8.000 A | 0.500 A | ||
| _:2311:130 | General:RF (ph-g) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:2311:131 | General:RF (ph-ph) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 1.250 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.250 Ω | ||
| _:2311:132 | General:Substitute for IF | 3I2 3I0 |
3I0 | |
| _:2311:134 | General:Comp. angle zero seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:2311:135 | General:Comp. angle neg. seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:2311:136 | General:Delta Dist. charact. angle | 0.00 ° to 80.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:2311:106 | General:Use load cutout | no both directions forward only reverse only |
no | |
| _:2311:107 | General:R load cutout | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:2311:108 | General:Angle load cutout | 20.0 ° to 60.0 ° | 45.0 ° | |
| _:2311:112 | General:Mem. polariza- tion(ph-ph) | 0.0 % to 100.0 % | 15.0 % | |
| _:2311:114 | General:Cross polariza- tion(ph-ph) | 0.0 % to 100.0 % | 15.0 % | |
| Z 1 | ||||
| _:14191:1 | Z 1:Mode | off on test |
off | |
| _:14191:2 | Z 1:Operate & flt.rec. blocked | no yes |
no | |
| _:14191:121 | Z 1:Blocked if diff.prot.active | no yes |
no | |
| _:14191:11 | Z 1:1-pole operate allowed | no yes |
yes | |
| _:14191:101 | Z 1:Function mode | ph-gnd and ph-ph ph-gnd only ph-ph only |
-gnd and ph- | |
| _:14191:109 | Z 1:Directional mode | non-directional forward reverse |
forward | |
| _:14191:102 | Z 1:X reach | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:14191:110 | Z 1:Operate delay (1- phase) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.00 s | |
| _:14191:112 | Z 1:Operate delay (multi- ph.) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.00 s | |
| _:14191:129 | Z 1:Zone settings | Basic Advanced |
Basic | |
| _:14191:130 | Z 1:RF (ph-g) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:14191:131 | Z 1:RF (ph-ph) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 1.250 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.250 Ω | ||
| _:14191:132 | Z 1:Substitute for IF | 3I2 3I0 |
3I0 | |
| _:14191:134 | Z 1:Comp. angle zero seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14191:135 | Z 1:Comp. angle neg. seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14191:108 | Z 1:Line angle | 10.00 ° to 89.00 ° | 85.00 ° | |
| _:14191:136 | Z 1:Delta Dist. charact. angle | 0.00 ° to 80.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14191:104 | Z 1:Kr | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14191:105 | Z 1:Kx | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14191:118 | Z 1:K0 | 0.000 to 11.000 | 1.000 | |
| _:14191:150 | Z 1:Angle (K0) | -180.00 ° to 180.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| Z 2 | ||||
| _:14192:1 | Z 2:Mode | off on test |
off | |
| _:14192:2 | Z 2:Operate & flt.rec. blocked | no yes |
no | |
| _:14192:121 | Z 2:Blocked if diff.prot.active | no yes |
no | |
| _:14192:11 | Z 2:1-pole operate allowed | no yes |
yes | |
| _:14192:101 | Z 2:Function mode | ph-gnd and ph-ph ph-gnd only ph-ph only |
ph-gnd and ph- ph | |
| _:14192:109 | Z 2:Directional mode | non-directional forward reverse |
forward | |
| _:14192:102 | Z 2:X reach | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 5.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 1.000 Ω | ||
| _:14192:110 | Z 2:Operate delay (1- phase) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.30 s | |
| _:14192:112 | Z 2:Operate delay (multi- ph.) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.30 s | |
| _:14192:129 | Z 2:Zone settings | Basic Advanced |
Basic | |
| _:14192:130 | Z 2:RF (ph-g) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 5.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 1.000 Ω | ||
| _:14192:131 | Z 2:RF (ph-ph) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 2.500 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 0.500 Ω | ||
| _:14192:132 | Z 2:Substitute for IF | 3I2 3I0 |
3I0 | |
| _:14192:134 | Z 2:Comp. angle zero seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14192:135 | Z 2:Comp. angle neg. seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14192:108 | Z 2:Line angle | 10.00 ° to 89.00 ° | 85.00 ° | |
| _:14192:136 | Z 2:Delta Dist. charact. angle | 0.00 ° to 80.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14192:104 | Z 2:Kr | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14192:105 | Z 2:Kx | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14192:118 | Z 2:K0 | 0.000 to 11.000 | 1.000 | |
| _:14192:150 | Z 2:Angle (K0) | -180.00 ° to 180.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| Z 3 | ||||
| _:14193:1 | Z 3:Mode | off on test |
off | |
| _:14193:2 | Z 3:Operate & flt.rec. blocked | no yes |
no | |
| _:14193:121 | Z 3:Blocked if diff.prot.active | no yes |
no | |
| _:14193:11 | Z 3:1-pole operate allowed | no yes |
no | |
| _:14193:101 | Z 3:Function mode | ph-gnd and ph-ph ph-gnd only ph-ph only |
ph-gnd and ph- ph | |
| _:14193:109 | Z 3:Directional mode | non-directional forward reverse |
forward | |
| _:14193:102 | Z 3:X reach | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 10.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 2.000 Ω | ||
| _:14193:110 | Z 3:Operate delay (1- phase) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.60 s | |
| _:14193:112 | Z 3:Operate delay (multi- ph.) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.60 s | |
| _:14193:129 | Z 3:Zone settings | Basic Advanced |
||
| _:14193:130 | Z 3:RF (ph-g) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 10.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 2.000 Ω | ||
| _:14193:131 | Z 3:RF (ph-ph) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 5.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 1.000 Ω | ||
| _:14193:132 | Z 3:Substitute for IF | 3I2 3I0 |
3I0 | |
| _:14193:134 | Z 3:Comp. angle zero seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14193:135 | Z 3:Comp. angle neg. seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14193:108 | Z 3:Line angle | 10.00 ° to 89.00 ° | 85.00 ° | |
| _:14193:136 | Z 3:Delta Dist. charact. angle | 0.00 ° to 80.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14193:104 | Z 3:Kr | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14193:105 | Z 3:Kx | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14193:118 | Z 3:K0 | 0.000 to 11.000 | 1.000 | |
| _:14193:150 | Z 3:Angle (K0) | -180.00 ° to 180.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| Z 4 | ||||
| _:14194:1 | Z 4:Mode | off on test |
off | |
| _:14194:2 | Z 4:Operate & flt.rec. blocked | no yes |
no | |
| _:14194:121 | Z 4:Blocked if diff.prot.active | no yes |
no | |
| _:14194:11 | Z 4:1-pole operate allowed | no yes |
no | |
| _:14194:101 | Z 4:Function mode | ph-gnd and ph-ph ph-gnd only ph-ph only |
ph-gnd and ph- ph | |
| _:14194:109 | Z 4:Directional mode | non-directional forward reverse |
non-directional | |
| _:14194:102 | Z 4:X reach | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 12.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 2.400 Ω | ||
| _:14194:110 | Z 4:Operate delay (1- phase) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.90 s | |
| _:14194:112 | Z 4:Operate delay (multi- ph.) | 0.00 s to 60.00 s; ∞ | 0.90 s | |
| _:14194:129 | Z 4:Zone settings | Basic Advanced |
Basic | |
| _:14194:130 | Z 4:RF (ph-g) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 12.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 2.400 Ω | ||
| _:14194:131 | Z 4:RF (ph-ph) | 1 A | 0.050 Ω to 600.000 Ω | 12.000 Ω |
| 5 A | 0.010 Ω to 120.000 Ω | 2.400 Ω | ||
| _:14194:132 | Z 4:Substitute for IF | 3I2 3I0 |
3I0 | |
| _:14194:134 | Z 4:Comp. angle zero seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14194:135 | Z 4:Comp. angle neg. seq. | -40.00 ° to 40.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14194:108 | Z 4:Line angle | 10.00 ° to 89.00 ° | 85.00 ° | |
| _:14194:136 | Z 4:Delta Dist. charact. angle | 0.00 ° to 80.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
| _:14194:104 | Z 4:Kr | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14194:105 | Z 4:Kx | -0.33 to 11.00 | 1.00 | |
| _:14194:118 | Z 4:K0 | 0.000 to 11.000 | 1.000 | |
| _:14194:150 | Z 4:Angle (K0) | -180.00 ° to 180.00 ° | 0.00 ° | |
Logic Diagrams & highlights
Logic of the Ground-Fault Detection
The Load Cutout Acts only on the Positive-Sequence Loop
Direction Determination with Quadrature Voltages
Direction-Characteristic Curve in the R-X Diagram
Direction-Characteristic Curve with Quadrature or Buffered Voltages
Voltage Drop for a Short Circuit behind a Series Capacitor
Direction-Characteristic Curves for Series-Compensated Lines
Logic Diagram of a Zone with Quadrilateral Characteristic Curve (Continuation)
Operate Curve with Quadrilateral Characteristic
Line Supplied from 2 Sides (1-Pole Representation)
Measuring Error with Classic Distance Protection
Short Circuit of a Phase-to-Ground Loop
Short Circuit of a Phase-to-Phase Loop
Ground Fault on a Double Line
RF (ph-g)
RF (ph-ph)
Example of Reduced Reach with Compensation Angle
Example of an Additional Slope for the Quadrilateral Characteristic Curve
Vector Diagram of the Measurands for the MHO Characteristic Curve
Basic Form of the MHO Characteristic Curve
Polarized MHO Characteristic Curve
Polarized MHO Characteristic Curve with Cross-Polarized or Buffered Voltages
Polarized MHO Characteristic Curve with Cross-Polarized or Buffered Voltages
Pickup Logic
Trip Logic
